African Americans Slavery And Oppression - 1602 Words

The story(ies) of African Americans today and how their story(ies) have been shaped by slavery and oppression In the mid-1500s, European mariners started bringing black Africans to America as slaves. The slave trade was not new to Europe or Africa. In the eighth century, Moorish merchants traded humans as merchandise throughout the mediterranean. In addition, many West African people kept slaves. West African slaves were usually prisoners of war, criminals, or the lowest-ranked members of caste systems. The capture and sale of Africans for the American slave markets were barbaric and often lethal. Two out of five West African captives died on the march to the Atlantic seacoast where they were sold to European slavers. On board the slave†¦show more content†¦By the early 1800s, many whites and free blacks in Northern states began to call for the abolition of slavery. When the Civil War began, many Northern blacks volunteered to fight for the Union. Some people expressed surpr ise at how fiercely black troops fought. But, black soldiers were fighting for more than restoring the Union. They were fighting to liberate their people. Reconstruction and Reaction With the defeat of the Confederacy, Northern troops remained in the South to ensure the slaves newly won freedom. Blacks started their own churches and schools, purchased land, and voted. The challenges facing Black leadership and how could those challenges be addressed through politics, religion, and civic engagement As the plight of African Americans in the South was beginning to worsen, Booker T. Washington, principal of Tuskegee Normal and Industrial Institute, was invited to speak before a bi-racial audience at the opening of the 1895 Atlanta Cotton States and International Exposition a celebration of the â€Å"new† industrializing South (Schaefer, 2015). A former slave who had toiled in West Virginia’s salt mines and earned a degree from Hampton Institute, Washington was the first African American to ever address such a large group of Southern whites. Frederick Douglass had died several months earlier, and Washington would immediately take his place as theShow MoreRelatedThe Challenges African Americans Faced in America963 Words   |  4 PagesThe Challenges African Americans Faced In America Raymon Rice ETH125 March 11, 2012 The Challenges African Americans Faced In America African Americans had a turbulent history in the United States ever since they were brought to the country as slaves. â€Å"Slavery in America began when the first African slaves were brought to the North American colony of Jamestown, Virginia, in 1619, to aid in the production of such lucrative crops as tobacco. (Slavery in America, 2012) During the 17th andRead MoreAnalysis Of The Poem Aint I A Woman 1079 Words   |  5 PagesAmerica from Slavery to the present and their relation to feminism. Hooks felt that there was an absence of books about the African American woman that were available. While there were books about individual African American women and their experiences in the oppressive American system, she believed that those women’s stories could not be generalized for all African American women. It was necessary to have a book at this time that acknowledged not black women and the two types of oppressions they experiencedRead MoreRacial Oppression And Racial Di scrimination997 Words   |  4 Pagesto ignore it. Racial oppression is a direct consequence of a superior race. Racial oppression is the act of power that causes the state of being to feel heavily exploited. There are two types of racial oppression that are not commonly well known of, institutionalized and internalized. Institutionalized oppression is expressed when a group of people based on their race has a different chance of obtaining goods, services, and societal opportunities. Internalized racial oppression is multi-situationalRead MoreA Study on Slavery1112 Words   |  4 PagesSlavery was an oppressive and violent system of labor that targeted the black population of the United States. Early colonial societies in the seventeenth century had both white and black workers; the former were categorized as indentured servants and the latter were categorized as slaves. In late seventeenth century, laws were passed, clearly recognizing slavery in racial terms. The roots of these laws were partly the prejudice against blacks and partly the desire to prevent any possible unity amongRead MoreHow The African s Ideologies Survived Under European Values During The United States Of America889 Words   |  4 PagesThe history books harbor numerous accounts of state-run human oppression. The accounts display that the necessity for labor often influenced the practice of coercion and violence. While reviewing the work of Dr. Delridge, L Hunter in The death of the Negro volume I, 2, and 3 it became clear that a degree of unequal actions molded a form of inferior status that shape the Negro call to freedom songs. To name the weapon with which the colonial United States of America brought about unnecessary sorrowRead MoreTheir Eyes Were Watching God By Zora Neale Hurston1682 Words   |  7 Pagescenturies this statement has proven as true; it’s even more accurately seen through the lives of African American women in past decades. What Toni Morrison displays in h er novel Beloved is a glimpse into the harsh realities of life as an African American enslaved woman who endures the tragedies of rape, torment, and the pains of choosing to sacrifice her own child for the sake of freedom. African American women were oppressed at a much greater level because they were women that bore the responsibilitiesRead MoreNarrative Of The Life Of Frederick Douglass, An American Slave977 Words   |  4 PagesFrederick Douglass published his first book Narrative of the Life of Frederick Douglass, an American Slave. This book not only showed people what life was truly like in the eyes of a slave, but it became instrumental in propelling the abolitionist movement and helping it gain motion all across the country. Douglass was truly a revolutionary person because throughout the duration of slavery, African American people were not permitted to be educated. This was considered dangerous. It wasn’t until FrederickRead MoreOpression of African Americans1397 W ords   |  6 PagesKeona Turner David Agum African American Studies 1 October, 2010 Oppression of African Americans In the documentary Ethnic Notions directed by Marlon Riggs, illustrates the oppression African Americans have faced during the time of slavery up until the present day. The same forms of oppression blacks faced during slavery is the same type of oppression they faced today, decades after slavery was abolished. These forms of oppression still seen today are evidence thatRead MoreAfrican American Of African Americans1491 Words   |  6 PagesAfrican Americans have witnessed much discrimination throughout the years. The issue of reparations for all African Americans is argued by one scholar and a credible newspaper. The debate about reparations started with the agreement side from the opinion of Robert Allen. He stated historical aspects that showed the crusade that many African American leaders started to get a compromise with the government. Allen continues to research the problems of African American involving with financial worthRead MoreCaged Bird By Maya Angelou1341 Words   |  6 Pages In the earlier days of the United States, African American slavery was prominent throughout the south for an extensive period of time. This tyranny led to mass oppression of millions of black people for many generations.Years later African Americans were finally given their well earned freedom. One thing they did not earn were their promised civil rights until much, much later. However, even under such subjugations African Americans found many ways to express themselves over the years. One fitting

Bureau of Prisons Regulatory Agency - 1295 Words

Bureau of Prisons Regulatory Agency Health Care is not just of concern to the private sector. Health Care reaches into the prison system as well. Federal and state laws have been created to ensure that the prison system provides health care through the medical facilities available. The Federal Bureau of Prisons (BOP) is the government agency that regulates the health care that is given to federal inmates in the United States. The BOP licenses’, certifies, accredits, and runs the background checks necessary to obtain employment. Agency’s role Created on May 14, 1930 by President Herbert Hoover the Federal Bureau of Prisons is a subdivision of the United States Justice Department. The BOP is responsible for the administration of†¦show more content†¦The facility is in Terre Haute, Indiana. The last person executed at the Terre Haute facility was Timothy McVey who bombed the Oklahoma City Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building killing 168 people. He was executed June 11, 2001. Regulatory authority The Federal Bureau of Prisons must adhere to regulations when providing health care to the inmate population. Regulations and guidelines may vary from facility to facility, but the BOP has the authority to intervene regardless the situation. The BOP is responsible for maintaining the regulations that are used so that inmates are not abused or under cared for. Health care services are regulated by the BOP and adherence to the regulations established must be followed by the individual facilities. The Bureau of Prisons carefully lists the inmate’s health care rights and the inmate’s responsibilities in order have access those rights. In the Federal Correction Institution at Terminal Island, California the Inmate Information Handbook lists out the specific rights to health care access each inmate has and then the handbook lists the inmate’s responsibility to be able to access the health care. 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The Labour market information portal states â€Å"The Public AdministrationRead MoreCrime And Corruption Within The Global Banking Systems1654 Words   |  7 Pagescorporations.† -Andrew Jackson Recent Fraud by Bankers: In more recent cases, fraudulent acts committed by bank employees can account for millions stolen from the bank’s clients. This could include acts of embezzlement and securities fraud. The Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) reported one such case late last year where an investment adviser at a global financial institution based in New Your City, by the name of Michael Oppenheim, pled guilty to embezzlement and securities fraud. He used his positionRead MoreShould Marijuana Be Legalized?1668 Words   |  7 Pagesrelated incarcerations would be greatly reduced. In the United States the prison population is six to ten times higher than in most European nations (United States Bureau). 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Benefits Are Actually Levied On The Particular Cars â€Free Samples

Question: Discuss About The Benefits Are Actually Levied On The Particular Cars? Answer: Introducation According to the definition that has been stated under the Taxation ruling of MT 2027 any form of private use that an employee makes under sub-section 136 (1) that is does not leads in the generation of the taxable income then such kind of use is viewed as private use (Blakelock King 2017). In addition to this, sub-section 136 (1) an explanation concerning the business journey that is made by an employee is accounted under the operating cost method for determining the business travel of the car made is necessarily required to be incorporated under the log book method. The log method is primarily used to determine the amount of business kilometres travelled by the car and thereby accounting the private kilometre as well for implementing the method of operating cost (Cao et al., 2015). From the following case study, it is evidently understood that a total of 50,000 kilometres was travelled by Charlie that formed the part of work. At the time of arriving at the fringe benefit value of the car that was used by Charlie it is vital to take into the considerations the operational method of costing in conformity with the sub-section 136 (1) of the Miscellaneous Taxatin. Benefits Actually Levied Particular Cars The determination of the fringe benefits of those cars which Charlie used requires the valuation which needs to be used in obedience with the sub-section 136 (1) of the Miscellaneous Taxation Rulings of 2027 (Christie 2015). According to the paragraph 3 of the Miscellaneous Taxation Ruling it is clear that the occupational functions of the particular cars have to be encompassed in the log book or any particular type of file due to the business kilometres that have been travelled according to the operating cost method. Based on the taxation rulings of MT 2027 with reference to sub-section 136 (1) a specific kind of use made by the employees that is not completely related to the procedure of production of taxable income can be thought of as individual use (Fleurbaey Maniquet 2015). According to the case study it is evident that the car which was used by Charlie was due to work purposes for a distance of about 50 kilometres (Bickley, 2012). The use of the car by Charlie shows that the business is representative of the use of the business in connection to the employees income, which is taxable. As a result, this is bound to lead to the levy of the FBT. The use of the car by Charlie was during his time as an worker of Homes Pty Ltd. This use was also due to the business purposes. This is evident from the case study provided (McLachlan, 2013). An important question surrounding the case study is the determination of both the private and the business use of the car. Hence, whether the car that was used by the employee was primarily engaged in the process of generating the taxable income of the employee. The sub section 136 (1) clearly states that the utilisation of the cars by the employees which are provided by the employer and used throughout the duration of the occupation can be considered as business use for the FBT (Fry, 2017). This is only in cases, which are related to the activities of employment. Thus, it can be said that the levying of those taxes are applicable (Kaldor, 2014). Moreover, it further follows that the use made of car made by the employee that provided the car for the business that was executed by the employee or during the course of the employment might be regarded as the business use of the car for the purpose of fringe benefit tax. In addition to this, use of car made the employee in the due phase o f business that was executed by the employee might identically be viewed as the business use of the car. The prevalent situation of Charlie and Homes states that Charlie use the car in discharge of his employment activities Homes and gave him the car with the purpose of executing the business activities of his employment. It can be stated that the car used by Charlie would be treated as the business use since it was engaged in the production of chargeable revenue of the employee and this will lead to Fringe Benefit Tax. The test that is used in the determination of the business use of the car as well as the private use for the purpose of FBT is very much identical to that has been defined in ascertaining the expenses incurred are allowable as deductions under section section 51 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 (Gordon Keuschnigg 2017). Several such expenditure incurred by Charlie in the present study can be regarded for income tax deductions. In determining the deductibility of the expenditure incurred by Charlie, it is vital to distinguish the expenditure for both private and business purpose. The amount of expenses that is incurred by Charlie in the present scenario can be considered for claiming income tax deduction. In the determination of whether the car expenses are acceptable to be subtracted under the section 51 of the ITAA 1997, there are convinced facts that have been gained from the particular case study, which can be considered as permissible deductions for the Income tax purposes (Ismer Jescheck, 2017). In respect of the contemporary circumstance of Charlie and Homes, the guiding principles of Miscellaneous Taxation Rulings of 2027 evidently puts forward the principles associated for the purpose of income tax (Kabinga 2015). It can be stated that the ruling is consistently in conformity with the necessary obligations of Sub-division F of Division 3 of the Income Tax Assessment Act 1997 for determining the expenditure on car by Charlie and Homes are considered for income tax deductions (Lang, 2014). Traveling to workplace is basically considered as a pre-requisite linked to the assembly of the reckonable income during the time of definite earning of the income. Depending on the Lunney and Hayley v FCT (1958) the debated viewpoint in the particular case confirmed the situations, which were related to the travel from an individuals home to the regular place of his service will be measured as a private form of travel only (McDaniel 2017). In the Charlie and Homes Case Study scenario, the expenses incurred can be thought of as allowable deductions that comply with the Sub-division F of Division 3stated in Miscellaneous Taxation Rulings of 2027, which are related to the issues of income tax (Barkoczy, 2016). As a consequence, it can be stated that the distance in kilometres which were essentially journeyed by Charlie, would be considered to be strictly private. Charlie also could not alter the outcomes of these operations in any way owing to the use of the car. The incurred cost by the barrister, during the time of travel amid his residence to the place of his work would be thought of as an expense according to the Newsom v Robertson (1952). The travel in which Charlie was indulged would be thought of as travel related in discharge of the employment activities. This is due to the fact that travel comprised the chief part of the individuals service and this is clear from the Simon in Taylor v Provan (1975). It is evident that the use of the car by Charlie was partly for the personal use and partially for the purpose of employment (Bickley, 2012). The travel to ones place of residence by any employee concerned might be considered as a business travel simply because the employment nature is nomadic (Saad, 2014). Apart from this, the obligations of employment of Charlie needed him to perform the necessary responsibilities of service in those areas of work, which were of multiple numbers. It is not improbable for Charlie relating to the entitlement of tax deductions concerned to work and concerned to the expense of petrol as well as the repairs as it was used in the attainment of the assessable income based on the FBT Act 1986 (Kaldor 2014). A car parking Fringe benefit may originate given the fact that the company offers the facilities of car parking to the worker and the below listed standards are met: The prescribed limit of time relating to the parking of car is no more further than four hours The employee has the entire control over the hiring of the car The car has been generally provided to the employee for the purpose of discharging the employment duties A business related car parking space is prevalent which charges a convinced sum of levies for parking car for the entire day inside the range of one kilometre. The employee makes the use of the car at least for period of one day with the objective of travelling either from the place of work to the place of home. The provided case study evidently shows that the car was parked by Charlie in his garage, which was controlled by him. The car was basically parked by him in a safe place for which he was paid $200 every week. The car was utilised by Charlie with the objective of travelling between his home and the place of his employment on a regular basis. It can be said this can lead to fringe benefits for Charlie and Homes can be entitled to claim the permissible income deductions for the charges of parking. This can be claimed on behalf of the employee on the other hand. As defined under the Fringe Benefit Tax Act 1986, provision relating to the entertainment consists of the entertainment in the form of drink or recreation, travelling or accommodation having an association with entertainment (McLachlan, 2013). From the following case study of Charlie it can be stated that the Charlie suffered a minor accidents and this prevented him using the vehicle for a time of two weeks. The incident unfortunately occurred before the wedding of Charlie and as a result of this Shine Homes decided to hire a car for that period and so that Charlie can go for his honeymoon. Additionally, the accommodation cost of Charlie was paid by Shine Homes. The discussed instances are in conformity with the provision of the Fringe Benefit Tax Act 1986 and this will results in tax liability for Shine Homes. According to the provision of the Fringe Benefit Tax Act 1986 a tax liability will occur for providing an employee with a holiday or a weekend trip (Miller Oats 2016). In compliance with the current situation of Charlie, it is found that Shine Homes paid the cost accommodation and Charlie on the other hand cannot claim for deductions. However, Shine Homes will entitlement for claiming deductions. On the contrary, Charlie under such circumstances would be required to declare such kind of allowance in his taxable return in the form of income. The taxation rulings of TR 94/25 is applied on the employers and they are liable to be taxed in conformity with the section 5 of the Fringe Benefit Tax Act 1986. It is quite evident that the cost of accommodations is paid by Shine Homes. This was only claimed as allowable deductions. The case study helps in inferring the fact that the Shine Homes Pty Ltd incurred a fringe benefit expense for Charlie bearing the cost of honeymoon accommodations and according to the Fringe Benefit Tax Act 1986, resulted in the tax liability. However, Charlie shall be under the obligation of declaration of the nature of these types of grant in the income tax returns. The Subsection 51 (1) of the ITAA 1936 is implemented to entitlement of benefit for the taxpayers who are basically employees (Saad, 2014). The liability related to the FBT for the Shine Homes can be considered in the regulation of the Commonwealth. The FBT includes that sum of value, which is allocated to the numerous FBTs in the ordinary case. This is in compliance with the Tubemakers of Australia Ltd v. FC of T. Charlie is provided with these by the Shine Homes. The expenses, which Shine Homes incurred in deriving the taxable revenue, would be viewed as a deductable expense. This is based on the subsection 51 (1) of the ITAA 1997. From the given situation it can be evidently put forward that numerous expenses were occurred by Shine Homes. The spendings were related to honeymoon accommodation, car hire cost, parking fees and these expenditure are incurred with the objective of gaining and producing the taxable income. In conformity with the subsection 51 (1) of the ITAA 1997 the expenditure incurred by Shine Homes would be considered as allowable deductions for the income tax purpose. The reason behind claiming allowable expenditure is that the expenses were incurred in gaining or deriving the taxable income and were incurred in the process of carrying of a business activities of the taxpayers. Conclusion: On arriving at the conclusion it can be stated from the current case study that expenses related to fringe benefit will be considered for taxation purpose under the provision of FBT Act 1986. The study on arriving at the conclusion has taken account of the relevant legislation and laws to determine the fringe benefit. In the form of a final statement it can be said that the expenditures related to the fringe benefits will be kept in mind for the purposes related to tax according to the FBT Act 1986. The car which Charlie used, is to be regarded as the business utility useful for the gain in income of taxable nature which actually attracts the FBT. References: Bankman, J., Shaviro, D. N., Stark, K. J., Kleinbard, E. D. (2017).Federal Income Taxation. Wolters Kluwer Law Business. Barkoczy, S. (2016). Foundations of Taxation Law 2016.OUP Catalogue. Bickley, J. M. (2012). Employee stock options: tax treatment and tax issues. Blakelock, S., King, P. (2017). Taxation law: The advance of ATO data management.Proctor, The,37(6), 18. Braithwaite, V. (Ed.). (2017).Taxing democracy: Understanding tax avoidance and evasion. Routledge. Cao, L., Hosking, A., Kouparitsas, M., Mullaly, D., Rimmer, X., Shi, Q., ... Wende, S. (2015). Understanding the economy-wide efficiency and incidence of major Australian taxes.Treasury WP,1. Christie, M. (2015). Principles of Taxation Law 2015. Fleurbaey, M., Maniquet, F. (2015).Optimal taxation theory and principles of fairness(No. 2015005). Universit catholique de Louvain, Center for Operations Research and Econometrics (CORE). Fry, M. (2017). Australian taxation of offshore hubs: an examination of the law on the ability of Australia to tax economic activity in offshore hubs and the position of the Australian Taxation Office.The APPEA Journal,57(1), 49-63. Gordon, R., Keuschnigg, C. (2017). Introduction on Trans-Atlantic Public Economics Seminar: Personal Income Taxation and Household Behavior. Ismer, R., Jescheck, C. (2017). The Substantive Scope of Tax Treaties in a Post-BEPS World: Article 2 OECD MC (Taxes Covered) and the Rise of New Taxes.Intertax,45(5), 382-390. Kabinga, M. (2015). Established principles of taxation.Tax justice poverty. Kaldor, N. (2014).Expenditure tax. Routledge. Lang, M. (2014).Introduction to the law of double taxation conventions. Linde Verlag GmbH. McDaniel, P. R. (2017).FEDERAL INCOME TAXATION. Foundation Press. McLachlan, R. (2013). Deep and Persistent Disadvantage in Australia-Productivity Commission Staff Working Paper. Miller, A., Oats, L. (2016).Principles of international taxation. Bloomsbury Publishing. Saad, N. (2014). Tax knowledge, tax complexity and tax compliance

The Benefits of a Healthy Lifestyle Essay Example For Students

The Benefits of a Healthy Lifestyle Essay Living a healthy lifestyle is a melting pot of several factors. One is not able to live a healthy lifestyle without a solid diet and workout foundation. The harmful side effects of processed food, drugs, alcohol, and sleep deprivation trump one’s life while mental and emotional stability aids in a healthy lifestyle. According to Jillian Michaels, â€Å"The right diet will regulate your blood sugar, balance your hormones, and maximize your energy, all of which promote optimal fat burning and muscle development.† None the less, one must form a platform based on healthy morals and principles in order to live life to its fullest potential. We will write a custom essay on The Benefits of a Healthy Lifestyle specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now A healthy diet consists of â€Å"three basic macronutrients- carbohydrates, proteins, and fats.† Protein comes in the form of lean meat and nuts, while fat comes from oils like almond, coconut, and peanut oil. A common misconception is that carbohydrates are only pastas. Carbohydrates can take the form as certain vegetables, fruits, and legumes. The correct foods and amount of calories depends on the type of oxidizer one is. There are three types of oxidizers. The first is a slow oxidizer which â€Å"requires a higher percentage of carbohydrates than of fat and protein.† A slow oxidizer should eat a ratio of fifteen percent fat, twenty-five percent protein, and sixty percent carbohydrates. A slow oxidizer is able to digest carbohydrates easier than other oxidizers so therefore a larger amount of carbohydrates is allowed. A slow oxidizer should look for protein that is low in fat, carbohydrates that are low in starch, and try to keep their fat consumption to a minimal. However, a balanced oxidizer â€Å"requires an equal percentage of carbohydrates, fat, and protein† and should have a ratio of thirty percent fat and protein and forty percent carbohydrates. Balanced oxidizers are able to eat a wide range of foods and still perform well. A balanced oxidizer should consume high-fat and low-fat protein and carbohydrates that are low in starch. On the other hand, a fast oxidizer â€Å"requires a higher percentage of protein and fat than carbohydrates.† A fast oxidizer is similar to a balanced oxidizer but the percent of carbohydrates and protein are switched around. A fast oxidizer should look for high-fat protein, low starch vegetables as carbohydrates, and natural oils or fats. Discovering the food that will benefit one’s body will ultimately raise energy levels, provide mental clarity, and stabilize one’s body.